c assignment 3

↓↑ Program to find second maximum element in array.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//    int arr[]={15,50,45,30,50};// here max1=50 max2=50
    int arr[]={15,50,45,30,5}; //here max1=50 max2=45
    int i,max1,max2,len=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    if(arr[0]>arr[1]){
        max1=arr[0];
        max2=arr[1];
    }else{
        max1=arr[1];
        max2=arr[0];
    }
    for(i=2;i<len;i++)
    {
        if(max1<arr[i]){
            max2=max1;
            max1=arr[i];
        }else if(max2<arr[i] /*&& max1>arr[i]*/){
                max2=arr[i];
        }
        else{}
    }
    printf("max1=%d max2=%d \n",max1,max2);
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program for number system(Binary,octal,hexadecimal,decimal)conversion.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[32],b[32],i,j,choice,n,count=0;
    char ch=' ';
do{
    printf("************************************\n");
    printf("1.Decimal to binary.\n");
    printf("2.decimal to octal.\n");
    printf("3.decimal to hexadecimal.\n");
    printf("4.binary to decimal.\n");
    printf("5.binary to octal\n");
    printf("6.binary to hexadecimal.\n");
    printf("7.EXIT\n****************************\n");
 
    printf("Enter your choice:");
    scanf("%d",&choice);
    long int d,rem,n1;
    if(choice<1 && choice>7)
    {
     choice=0;
    }

    switch(choice)
    {
    case 1:
    printf("\nEnter decimal No. :");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    i=0;
    while(n)
    {
        a[i]=n%2;
        n=n/2;
        i++;
        count++;     
        }
        for(j=0,i=count-1;j<count,i>=0;j++,i--)
        {
            b[j]=a[i];
        } 
        printf("Binary no is:");
        for(i=0;i<count;i++){
        printf("%d",b[i]);}
        printf("\n");
    break;
    case 2:
    printf("\nEnter decimal No. :");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    i=0;
    while(n)
    {
        a[i]=n%8;
        n=n/8;
        i++;
        count++;     
    }
    for(j=0,i=count-1;j<count,i>=0;j++,i--)
    {
        b[j]=a[i];
    } 
    printf("octal no is:");
    for(i=0;i<count;i++){
        printf("%d",b[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
    break;
    case 3:
    printf("\nEnter decimal No. :");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    i=0;
    while(n)
    {
        a[i]=n%16;
        n=n/16;
        i++;
        count++;     
    }
    for(j=0,i=count-1;j<count,i>=0;j++,i--)
    {
        b[j]=a[i];
    } 
    printf("hexadcimal no is:");
    for(i=0;i<count;i++)
    {
        if(b[i]==10||b[i]==11||b[i]==12||b[i]==13||b[i]==14||b[i]==15)
            printf("%c",b[i]+55);
        else 
            printf("%d",b[i]);
    }
     printf("\n");
   
    break;
    case 4:
    j=1;d=0;
    printf("Enter any binary number: ");      
    scanf("%ld",&n1);
    while(n1!=0){
        rem=n1%10;
        d=d+rem*j;
        j=j*2;
        n1=n1/10;
    }
    printf("Equivalent decimal value: %ld\n",d);
    break;
    case 5:
    j=1;d=0;
    printf("Enter any binary number: ");      
    scanf("%ld",&n1);
    while(n1!=0){
        rem=n1%10;
        d=d+rem*j;
        j=j*2;
        n1=n1/10;
    }
    printf("Equivalent octal value: %lo\n",d);
    break;
    case 6:
    j=1;d=0;
    printf("Enter any binary number: ");      
    scanf("%ld",&n1);
    while(n1!=0){
        rem=n1%10;
        d=d+rem*j;
        j=j*2;
        n1=n1/10;
    }
        printf("Equivalent hexadecimal value: %lx\n",d);
    break;
    case 7:
  
    break;
    default:
            printf("Wrong choice !!!  enter choice any of(1 to 7)");
    }
    fflush(stdin);
    printf("want to  continue enter y/n :");
    scanf(" %c",&ch);
}while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y');    
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to implement cramer's rule to compute two unknown.

#include<stdio.h>
float det(float[2][2],int);
int main()
{

    int n=2,a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2,a3,b3,c3;
    printf("Enter the coefficient a1,b1,c1 (a1x+b1y=c1)of first equation: \n");
    scanf("%d%d%d",&a1,&b1,&c1);
    printf("Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2 (a2x+b2y=c2)of second equation: \n");
    scanf("%d%d%d",&a2,&b2,&c2);
    float m[2][2]={a1,b1,a2,b2},x1[2][2]={c1,b1,c2,b2},y1[2][2]={a1,c1,a2,c2},x,y;
    x=(det(x1,n))/(det(m,n));
    y=(det(y1,n))/(det(m,n));
    printf("x=%f\ty=%f\n",x,y);
return 0;
}

float det(float matrix[2][2],int n)
{
    int i, j, k;
    float det,ratio;
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            if(j>i){
                ratio = matrix[j][i]/matrix[i][i];
                for(k = 0; k < n; k++){
                    matrix[j][k] -=ratio * matrix[i][k];
                }
            }    
        }
    }
    det = 1;                                            //storage for determinant
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
        det *= matrix[i][i];
    //printf("The determinant of matrix is: %.2f\n\n", det);
return det;
}
/*output:
 * 4x-3y=11
 * 6x+5y=7
 Enter the coefficient a1,b1,c1 (a1x+b1y=c1)of first equation: 
 4
 -3
 11
 Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2 (a2x+b2y=c2)of second equation: 
 6
 5
 7
 x=2.000000 y=-1.000000
 */


↓↑ Program to implement cramer's rule to compute three unknown.

#include<stdio.h>
float det(float[3][3],int);
int main()
{

    int n=3,a1,b1,c1,d1,a2,b2,c2,d2,a3,b3,c3,d3;
    printf("Enter the coefficient a1,b1,c1,d1 (a1x+b1y+c1z=d1) of first equation: \n");
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a1,&b1,&c1,&d1);
    printf("Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2,d2 (a2x+b2y+c2z=d2)of second equation: \n");
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a2,&b2,&c2,&d2);
    printf("Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2,d2 (a3x+b3y+c3z=d3)of second equation: \n");
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a3,&b3,&c3,&d3);
    float m[3][3]={a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2,a3,b3,c3},x1[3][3]={d1,b1,c1,d2,b2,c2,d3,b3,c3},y1[3][3]={a1,d1,c1,a2,d2,c2,a3,d3,c3},z1[3][3]={a1,b1,d1,a2,b2,d2,a3,b3,d3},x,y,z;
     x=(det(x1,n))/(det(m,n));
     y=(det(y1,n))/(det(m,n));
     z=(det(z1,n))/(det(m,n));
     printf("x=%.2f\ty=%.2f\tz=%.2f\n",x,y,z);
return 0;
}

float det(float matrix[3][3],int n)
{
    int i, j, k;
    float det,ratio;
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            if(j>i){
                ratio = matrix[j][i]/matrix[i][i];
                for(k = 0; k < n; k++){
                    matrix[j][k] -=ratio * matrix[i][k];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    det = 1;
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
        det *= matrix[i][i];
return det;
}
/*Output:
 * x+2y+3z=-5
 * 3x+y-3z=4
 * -3x+4y+7z=-7
 Enter the coefficient a1,b1,c1,d1 (a1x+b1y+c1z=d1) of first equation: 
 1
 2
 3
 -5
 Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2,d2 (a2x+b2y+c2z=d2)of second equation: 
 3
 1
 -3
 4
 Enter the coefficient a2,b2,c2,d2 (a3x+b3y+c3z=d3)of second equation: 
 -3
 4
 7
 -7
 x=-1.00    y=1.00  z=-2.00
 */


↓↑ Program to calculate determent of matrix connverting to upper triangular matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float  matrix[10][10], ratio, det;
    int i, j, k, n;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter order of matrix: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    printf("Enter the matrix: \n");
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            scanf("%f", &matrix[i][j]);
        }
    }
                                                       //  Conversion of matrix to upper triangular
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            if(j>i){
                ratio = matrix[j][i]/matrix[i][i];
                for(k = 0; k < n; k++){
                    matrix[j][k] -=ratio * matrix[i][k];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    det = 1;                                            //storage for determinant
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
        det *= matrix[i][i];
    printf("The determinant of matrix is: %.2f\n\n", det);
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to generate Identity matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[5][5],i,j,r,c;
    printf("enter rows and columns of matrix:");
    scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
    if(r==c)
    {
        printf("\nenter element of %dX%d matrix:",r,c);
        for(i=0;i<r;i++)
        {
            for(j=0;j<c;j++)
            {
                scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
            }
        }
    printf("\nentered matrix is ");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        } 
    } 
    printf("\nidentity matrix corresponding to given matrix is:\n");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            if(i==j)
            {
                a[i][j]=1;
                printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
            }
            else
           {
               a[i][j]=0;
               printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
           }
        }
    } 
        printf("\n"); 
    }
    else
    {
        printf("to generate identity matrix rows and columns should be equal\n");
    }
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to find minimum and maximum element in an array.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int i,a[7],max=0,min=32432;
    printf("enter elements of array:");
    for(i=0;i<7;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",&a[i]);
    }
    for(i=0;i<7;i++)
    {
        if(a[i]>max)
        {
            max=a[i];
        }
        if(a[i]<min)
        {
            min=a[i];
        }
    }
    printf("\nmaximum value is:%d\nminimum value is:%d\n",max,min);
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to Implement matrix multiplication.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j,k,sum=0,m,n,o,p;
    printf("\nEnter the row and column of first matrix:");
    scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
    printf("\nEnter the row and column of second matrix:");
    scanf("%d %d",&o,&p);
    if(n!=o)
    {
        printf("Matrix mutiplication is not possible");
        printf("\nColumn of first matrix must be same as row of second matrix");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("\nEnter the First matrix->");
        for(i=0;i<m;i++)
            for(j=0;j<n;j++)
                scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);      
        printf("\nEnter the Second matrix->");
        for(i=0;i<o;i++)
            for(j=0;j<p;j++)
                scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
     
        printf("\nThe First matrix is\n");
        for(i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            printf("\n");
            for(j=0;j<n;j++)
            {
                printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
            }
        }         
        printf("\nThe Second matrix is\n");
        for(i=0;i<o;i++)
        {
            printf("\n");
            for(j=0;j<p;j++)
            {
                printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
             }
        }
        for(i=0;i<m;i++)
            for(j=0;j<p;j++)
                c[i][j]=0;
        for(i=0;i<m;i++)
        {                                  //row of first matrix
            for(j=0;j<p;j++)
            {                                 //column of second matrix
                sum=0;
                for(k=0;k<n;k++)
                sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
                c[i][j]=sum;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrix is\n");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<p;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
        }
    }
printf("\n");
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to generate null matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[5][5],b[5][5],i,j,r,c;
    printf("enter rows and columns of matrix:");
    scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);
    printf("\nEnter the element of a matrix");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
         }
    }
    printf("\nEntered matrix is:\n");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    { 
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\nNull matrix corresponding to given is:");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            b[i][j]=a[i][j]-a[i][j];
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
        }  
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program for pointer arithmetic.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int x=3,*p,*p1,*p2;
    printf("intiger pointer\n");
    p=&x;
    printf("p=%u\n",p);
    p1=p+5;
    printf("p1=%u\n",p1);
    p2=p-5;
    printf("p2=%u\n",p2);
    printf("\np1++=%u \np2--=%u\np1-p2=%u\n",p1++,p2--,p1-p2);
    printf("\nfloat pointer\n");
    float y=3.2,*q,*q1,*q2;
    q=&y;
    printf("q=%u\n",q);
    q1=q+5;
    printf("q1=%u\n",q1);
    q2=q-5;
    printf("q2=%u\n",q2);
    printf("\nq1++=%u \nq2--=%u\nq1-q2=%u\n",q1++,q2--,q1-q2);
    printf("\ncharacter pointer\n");
    char r='3',*c,*c1,*c2;
    c=&r;
    printf("c=%u\n",c);
    c1=c+5;
    printf("c1=%u\n",c1);
    c2=c-5;
    printf("c2=%u\n",c2);
    printf("c1++=%u \nc2--=%u\nc1-c2=%u\n",c1++,c2--,c1-c2);
return 0;
}
/* //output 
ntiger pointer
p=106569296
p1=106569316
p2=106569276
p1++=106569316 
p2--=106569276
p1-p2=10
float pointer
q=106569300
q1=106569320
q2=106569280
q1++=106569320 
q2--=106569280
q1-q2=10
character pointer
c=106569295
c1=106569300
c2=106569290
c1++=106569300 
c2--=106569290
c1-c2=10
*/


↓↑ Program to reverse element of array .

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
    int i,a[]={12,10,11,33,23,13},len=sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]),temp;
    double alen =ceil((double)len/2);
        printf("\nArray before reverse: \n");
  
    for(i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",a[i]);
    }
    for(i=0;i<(int)alen;i++)
    {
        temp       = a[i];
        a[i]       = a[len-i-1];
        a[len-i-1] =temp;
    }
    printf("\nArray after reverse: ");
    for(i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",a[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}
// compile with math library $gcc test.c -lm


↓↑ Program to print sum and average of array elements.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int sum=0,avg,i,a[7];
    printf("enter elements of array:");
    for(i=0;i<7;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",&a[i]);
    }
    printf("\nthe array is:"); 
    for(i=0;i<7;i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",a[i]);
    }
    printf("\nsum of array element is :");
    for(i=0;i<7;i++)
    {
        sum+=a[i];
    }
    printf("%d",sum);
    printf("\naverage of array element is:%d\n",sum/7);
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to find trace of matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[5][5],i,j,sum=0,m,n;
    printf("\nEnter the row and column of matrix: ");
    scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
    printf("\nEnter the elements of matrix: ");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
    printf("\nThe matrix is\n");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            if(i==j)
                sum=sum+a[i][j];
        }
    }
    printf("\n\ntrace of a matrix is: %d",sum);
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to find transpose of matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[6][6],b[6][6],i,j,k=0,m,n;
    printf("\nEnter the row and column of matrix:");
    scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
    printf("\nEnter the First matrix->");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

    printf("\nThe matrix is\n");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
             printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
       for(j=0;j<n;j++)
           b[i][j]=0;
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            b[i][j]=a[j][i];
        }
    }
    printf("\n\nTraspose of a matrix is -> ");
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
        }
    }
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to check that a given matrix is identity matrix or not.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[5][5],b[5][5],i,j,r,c,count=0,count1=0;
    printf("enter rows and columns of matrix:");
    scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);
    printf("\nEnter the element of a matrix");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    printf("\nEntered matrix is:\n");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            if(i==j && (a[i][j]==1))
            {
                ++count;
            }
            else if(i!=j && a[i][j]==0)
            {
                ++count1;
            }
        }
    }
    if(count==r && count1==(r*c-r))
    {
        printf("\nmatrix is identity");
    }
    else
        printf("\nmatrix is not identity");
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}


↓↑ Program to check null matrix.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[5][5],b[5][5],i,j,r,c,count=0;
    printf("enter rows and columns of matrix:");
    scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);
    printf("\nEnter the element of a matrix");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    printf("\nEntered matrix is:\n");
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
        }
    printf("\n");
    }
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
        printf("\n");
        for(j=0;j<c;j++)
        {
            if(a[i][j]==0)
            {
                ++count;
            }
        }
    }
    if(count==r*c)
    {
        printf("\nmatrix is null");
    }
    else
        printf("\nmatrix is not null");
    printf("\n");
return 0;
}