CPP Tutorial

=>Encapsulation:

When the aforementioned bike engineer creates a new bicycle, she connects together

component pieces such as the frame, handlebars, wheels, and a headlight. Each

component has certain properties and can accomplish certain behaviors. She can use

the headlight without understanding the details of how it works, as long as she

knows what it does.

To achieve this, the headlight must be self-contained. It must do one well-defined

thing and it must do it completely. Accomplishing one thing completely is called

encapsulation.

All the properties of the headlight are encapsulated in the headlight object. They are

not spread out through the bicycle.

C++ supports the properties of encapsulation through the creation of user-defined

types called classes. A well-defined class acts as a fully encapsulated entity that is

used as an entire unit or not at all. The inner workings of the class should be hidden

on the principle that the programs that use a well-defined class do not need to know

how the class works. They only need to know how to use it.

=>Inheritance and Reuse:

C++ supports the idea of reuse through inheritance. A new type can be declared that

is an extension of an existing type. This new subclass is said to derive from the existing type.Penny's bicycle is derived from a plain old bicycle and thus inherits all its

qualities but adds additional features as needed.

=>Polymorphism:

C++ supports this idea that different objects do the right thing through a language

feature called function polymorphism and class polymorphism. Polymorphism refers to

the same thing taking many forms.